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pre reduction of nickel ores

Nickel - chemeurope

Naturally occurring nickel is composed of 5 stable isotopes; 58 Ni, 60 Ni, 61 Ni, 62 Ni and 64 Ni with 58 Ni being the most abundant (68.077% natural abundance). 18 radioisotopes have been characterised with the most stable being 59 Ni with a half-life of 76,000 years, 63 Ni with a half-life of 100.1 years, and 56 Ni with a half-life of 6.077 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes ...

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GLOSSARY - Nornickel

A product of ore concen-tration with a high grade of the extracted mineral, which gives its name to the concen-trate (copper, nickel, etc.). Cuprous ores. Ores containing 20% to 70% sulphides, with the following metal grades: 0.2-2.5% for nickel, 1.0-15.0% for copper, 5-50 g/t for platinum group metals. Roasting. Heating ore to high tem-

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Extractive Metallurgy of Vanadium-Containing Titaniferous Magnetite ...

Vanadium transfer from metal into slag is 85%. The semifinished product is 3.0% C and 0.03% V and small amounts of Si, Mn, Ti, P and S. The vanadium in the slag from the first converter exists as ...

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A Robust Recovery of Ni From Laterite Ore Promoted by Sodium ...

This paper provided an effective way for a robust recovery of Ni from laterite ore by H 2 reduction using sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3) as a promoter. . It was found that a Ni content of 9.97% and a Ni recovery of 99.24% were achieved with 20 wt% Na 2 S 2 O 3 at 1,100°C.

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Processing of Nickel Laterite Ores on the Rise - FEECO International Inc.

The RKEF, or Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace method, is a pyrometallurgical approach to producing ferronickel. As a pyrometallurgical technique, this method is best suited for ores that are predominantly saprolite. The RKEF method involves a variety of steps and is summarized below. Drying

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Effects of reduction time on carbothermic reduction of lateritic nickel ...

Therefore, to resolve the problems, a pre-reduction stage called carbothermic reduction process is carried out. Carbothermic reduction process is usually used for saprolite-type lateritic nickel ore which needs a reductor for the reduction reaction to produce pure nickel. Common reductors used are coal and cokes.

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Advances in research on nickel production through the Caron process

Partial reduction of nickel oxide takes place subsequent to the decomposition process: NiO(s) + H2/CO(g) Æ Ni(s) + H2O/CO2(g) (5) The kiln produces a mixture of metal-metal oxide containing 92% nickel. The second stage of the reduction process is carried out in a reduction furnace.

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MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY - Murdoch University

A small amount of iron is reduced forming an alloy with the nickel and cobalt, with the remainder being reduced to magnetite. The roasting reaction (~850°C) can be written as: NiO + 2 Fe203 + 3H2 -7 FeNi + Fe304 + 3 H20 The ore is then cooled to 150-200oC and quenched in an ammonia/ammonium carbonate solution.

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Preparation of Ferronickel Alloy Nugget Through Reduction Roasting of ...

Most of nickel and a spot of iron are selectively reduced with adding 25.19% SiC>2, 6.42% coal, and roasting for 60min at 1500 °C. Then conventional magnetic separation was carried out. The content...

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Case No COMP/M.4000 INCO/FALCONBRIDG E - European Commission

Mined nickel ore contains 0.5-3.5% of nickel. It is further processed and refined to obtain various finished nickel products. Processing of nickel ores (16) Typically, nickel ores are first milled and concentrated to obtain nickel concentrate. The ore is first ground into a fine powder (milling), which may then be concentrated by

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Ferronickel Smelting Technology - Blogger

The RKEF technology is a main stream of pyrometallurgy process presently, its process is, firstly the laterite nickel ore is dried by rotary dryer, then is sintered into pellet by chain grate machine, the third step the pellet is fed into rotary kiln with 800℃ for pre-reduction, finally the pellet is fed into submerged arc furnace with 1500 ...

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Chromium (VI) Inhibition of Low pH Bioleaching of Limonitic Nickel ...

This process uses bacteria that couple the oxidation of zero-valent (elemental) sulphur (ZVS) to the reduction of iron (III) and manganese (IV) at low pH (<2), thereby accelerating the dissolution of minerals such as goethite and asbolane.

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Xiaoping Wang a, Tichang Sun b, Chao Chen c and Tianyang Hu d

nickel laterite ores; reduction; leaching; process. Abstract. Nickel laterite ores are important nickel resources, which are abundant and account for ... An early review by Quast et al. [15] set the scene for the pre-concentration strategies of nickel laterite ores such as the removal of a coarse fraction from the feed, sink-float separation ...

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FeaSIBIlI oF NIckel eracIoN FroM INdIaN chroMIe oerBrdeN B SolId Sae ...

Hydrometallurgy methods are primarily using High pressure acid leaching (HPAL) method and Atmospheric acid leaching method (AL) to extract nickel from limonitic lateritic ores. By applying suitable leaching parameters studies investigated that maximum 95% nickel was recovered from pre-, J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall., 56 (2) B (2020) 229 - 235,

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The Processing of Low Grade Nickel Ore from South East Sulawesi

The ore was reduced by carbon at temperature range of 800 - 1200 °C. The progress of reduction reaction between oxide minerals and carbon depends on reduction temperature. At high temperature, the reduction reaction takes place rapidly. The reduced ores was smelted to obtain iron-nickel alloy. Access through your institution Add to Cart Info:

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nickel Ore - SlideShare

Average Ni and Cu ores grade are 0.66 to 0.68% and 0.22 to 0.44% respectively. The flow sheet of Nickel Production. A pentlandite grade of approximately 2% should be present in the underflow, with a recovery of 83%. The pyrrhotite grade is estimated at 12%, with an 88% recovery. 34 Grinding 300 micron 35.

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Upgrading low nickel content laterite ores using selective reduction ...

A reduction time of 60 min is recommended to obtain optimum nickel content of 5.94% and nickel recovery of 92.3% to the final concentrate. Download : Download full-size image Fig. 2. Effect of reduction time on nickel and iron concentration and content. (40% SN ore, 6% CaSO 4 additive, 5% coal, reduction at 1100 °C). 3.1.2.

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The Effect of Microwave Pre-Treatment of Ores on the Comminution Process

size reduction in mineral processing • As the mill rotates the mechanical forces acting on the ore body overcome the bonding forces and cause a general reduction in grain size • The size reduction is directly proportional to energy input by the mill: i.e. the ball charge, grind time Figure 3: An unground ore sample (a) as compared

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Electrochemical Behaviors of Consumable Ti2CO@Al2O3 Anode for Ti ...

by selective carbothermal reduction of titanium ores, such as ilmenite and high titanium slag.26,27 The extraction processes of pure TiO 2 from titanium ores are avoided, which will shorten USTB process and reduce the cost. After the carbothermal reduction and magnetic separation for titanium ores, the residues are mainly composed of Ti

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The Direct Nickel Process :: Total Materia Article

The Direct Nickel Process DNi is an atmospheric hydrometallurgical processing route designed to treat all types of nickel laterite ores, in a single flow sheet to produce a number of final saleable products. The key to the Process is the use of nitric acid as the leaching agent and the subsequent use of a patented recovery and recycling process ...

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Carbothermal Solid State Reduction of Manganese Ores: 3 ... - J-STAGE

The ore reduction behaviour strongly depends on the ore ... and procedure used in reduction experiments were pre-sented elsewhere.2) XRD analysis was done using Siemens D5000 X-Ray diffractometer with a Cu-Ka X-ray source and a nickel monochromator. The scans were done from 20° to 70° at 1°/min and a step size of 0.02°. The voltage

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The effect of temperature and mesh size on the dielectric properties of ...

Low-grade nickel pre is generally encapsulated by impurity ore phases. So the mining companies look towards feasible and effective separation methods to enrich low grade nickel ores [ 7 ]. While for the ores come from Jinchuan Group Ltd, because the nickel compounds are wrapped by the oxides of silicon, magnesium, and calcium (wrapped form), it ...

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The Usage of Pet Kok is a Possibility of Reducing the Amount of Heavy ...

In this project we have represented the reduction of the ancillary heavy oil substance in the rotary kilns in the new foundry of the new Ferronickel in Drenas, with the use of the ancillary substance Pet Kok. The experimental and industrial research have been analyzed during the years 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012 and 2013. The chemical composition of heavy oil was analyzed in the INKOS Institute ...

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Metal Production | Encyclopedia

Reduction— The process by which an atom ' s oxidation state is decreased, by its gaining one or more electrons. as an example, contains about 18% chromium, 10% nickel, and small amounts of manganese, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, along with iron. When niobium is added to a steel alloy, the final product has unusually great strength.

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The passivation of iron during the leaching of pre-reduced laterite ...

A surface layer comprised of a cobalt/nickel sulphide forms as a result of reduction of thiosulfate in the presence of cobalt and nickel ions in solution. The combined cathodic processes of reduction of thiosulphate, cobalt (III) and oxygen generate relatively rapid initial rates of dissolution.

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Coal based Direct Reduction Rotary Kiln Process - IspatGuru

The burden first passes through a pre-heating zone where coal de-volatilization takes place and iron ore is heated to pre-heating temperature for reduction. Temperature and process control in the kiln are carried out by installing suitable numbers of air injection tubes made of heat-resistant steel spaced evenly along the kiln length and ...

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Nickel Extraction From Gördes Laterites by Hydrochloric Acid Leaching a ...

nickel extraction from gÖrdes laterites by hydrochloric acid leaching a thesis submitted to the graduate school of natural and applied sciences

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Advances in research on nickel production through the Caron process

(i) reduction roasting of nickel laterite, and (ii) reduction of basic nickel carbonate (BNC) and NiO to nickel. Nickel in laterite is associated with Fe-rich goethite and serpentine/olivine particles. Re-sults indicate that the nickel recoveries from the limonite ores correspond closely to values pre-

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Research on Selective Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ore by CO2/H2 Mixed ...

Research on Selective Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ore by CO 2 /H 2 Mixed Gas, Abstract: In this paper, thermodynamic analysis on reduction of lateritic nickel ore by CO 2 /H 2 mixed gas was performed based on activity theory. Effects of CO 2 /H 2 ratio and temperature on selective reduction of laterite ore were investigated.

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Atmospheric pressure leaching of nickel from a low-grade nickel ...

The pre-concentration of nickel was attempted by magnetic separation, but was unsuccessful. ... Nickel is also released in the solutions during acid leaching of the calcine from reduction roasting and iron dissolution by equation (1). The dissolved ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron (Eq. 2), which ... The nickel-bearing ores used in this ...

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New Positive Pre-Feasibility Study on Horizonte Minerals'

Good quality calcine continuously produced with very low dust generation and good pre-reduction of iron and nickel High quality FeNi produced over the target range of commercial Ni grades No...

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MacSphere: Study of Nickeliferrous Laterite Reduction

Pre-reduction of laterite is a critical step for all laterite based nickel production processes. The main kinds oflaterite, limonitic and serpentinic ore, behave differently upon reduction. In this study, general knowledge of laterites and nickel production were introduced. Research on laterite pre-reduction was reviewed.

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Strategic Materials and Energy Transition: Nickel

Appreciated especially for ductility, malleability and for oxidation resistance, nickel is mainly known for its use in stainless steel. This use accounts for around 70% of global nickel demand. It is also used in the manufacture of alloys (8%), special steels (8%), coatings (8%) and, finally, more and more, electric batteries (5%).

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Fluidized bed reduction of laterite fines with reducing gases generated ...

Pre-reduction is used in the pyrometallurgical treatment of nickel laterite ores to reduce the load placed on the nickel smelting furnace. This pre-reduction operation is for the specific purpose of removing oxygen present in the ore to yield a separate nickel enriched metal phase after smelting.

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Araguaia Nickel Project - Brazil's next major ferronickel mine

The ore will be completely dried and calcinated to remove chemically-combined moisture, and partially pre-reduce iron and nickel oxides. Calcine from the kiln will be forwarded to the electric furnace where further reduction of nickel and iron oxides will be achieved. Metal will be melted at high temperature to separate slag and transferred by ...

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Rotary Kiln Reduction of Limonitic Ores - International Nickel Co. Inc.:The

Directed to the reduction of nickel-containing lateritic ores in a rotary kiln at high production rates to achieve selective reduction of nickel contained in the ore wherein the ore is preheated to at least about 1,000° F. in a preheating zone in the kiln and is maintained at at least this temperature while it travels through the reduction zone and wherein within the reduction zone the ...

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Dense Media Separation (DMS) - Halyard Inc.

In recent years the DMS process has been employed effectively as a pre-concentration step to improve the recovery economics of various commodities including: platinum group metals, lead-zinc ores, nickel ores, lithium (spodumene) and gold bearing ores. Halyard has successfully applied DMS pre-concentration to a gold process in British Columbia.

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Selective leaching of nickel from prereduced limonitic laterite under ...

In this paper, the selective acid leaching of nickel from the pre-reduced limonitic laterite under moderate HPAL conditions was studied. For the calcine with reduction degree of 93.4%, about 88.2% nickel could be selectively extracted at 100°C with an acid/ore ratio of 0.164, leaving less then 5.0g/L iron in the solution. Further

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The electrochemistry of the leaching of pre-reduced nickel laterites in ...

A fundamental study was undertaken in order to establish the mechanisms of the leaching of pre-reduced nickel laterites in ammonia-ammonium carbonate solution. Although the process has undergone various improvements since it was first introduced, the total recoveries are still relatively low, averaging at 80% for nickel and 45-50% for cobalt.

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Selective Leaching Nickel from the Pre-Reduced Limonitic Laterite Ore ...

The reduced calcine was leached in thin acid liquor to liberate the nickel and iron together firstly. By properly controlling the leaching condition, the leached iron ion could hydrolyze as goethite precipitate and regenerate the acid consumed in the leaching procedure. Finally, the nickel is selectively extracted into the leaching solution.

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